The Supreme Court should reject any mode of analysis for First Amendment retaliatory arrest claims that permits official conduct to go unchecked that is rooted in a desire to retaliate against protected speech. If the presence of probable cause alone defeats the existence of a First Amendment retaliatory arrest claim under all circumstances, arrests rooted in an effort to stifle protected speech will be judicially unscrutinized and undisturbed. Such a result risks impairing public confidence in both law enforcement and the judiciary. At the same time, it is irreconcilable with this Court’s duty to protect First Amendment rights.
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